Dublin, Ireland. Several notable historical events took place on June 16 across the 20th and early 21st centuries, spanning literature, politics and infrastructure. The date is associated with Bloomsday and political developments in Europe, Africa and Asia.
Bloomsday and literary significance
In 1904, the entire action of James Joyce’s novel “Ulysses” takes place on June 16. The date is celebrated internationally as “Bloomsday” after the novel’s main character, Leopold Bloom.
Political change in wartime France
In 1940, Marshal Philippe Petain was asked to form a new government in Vichy France, the German-controlled but unoccupied area of France after the Nazi invasion.
South Africa presidential succession
In 1999, Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as president of South Africa, succeeding Nelson Mandela.
Death of Japan’s dowager empress
In 2000, Japan’s Dowager Empress Nagako, the widow of Emperor Hirohito, died.
Berlin government shift
In 2001, a left-wing alliance ousted Berlin’s conservative mayor, paving the way for ex-communists to enter the city government for the first time since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened to the city
Also in 2001, Italy’s Leaning Tower of Pisa was officially handed back to the city after 11 years of work to prevent it from toppling over.
Death of former Thai prime minister
In 2004, former Thai prime minister Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn died at the age of 93.
Nepal interim administration agreement
In 2006, Nepal’s government agreed to dissolve parliament and establish an interim administration that included Maoist rebels.
Taiwan opens Hsuehshan Tunnel
Also in 2006, Taiwan opened the 13-km (8-mile) Hsuehshan Tunnel, described as the longest road tunnel in Asia, linking the northern part of the island to the south.
